The symbolic ring

class sage.symbolic.ring.NumpyToSRMorphism

Bases: sage.categories.morphism.Morphism

A morphism from numpy types to the symbolic ring.

TESTS:

We check that trac ticket #8949 and trac ticket #9769 are fixed (see also trac ticket #18076):

sage: import numpy
sage: f(x) = x^2
sage: f(numpy.int8('2'))
4
sage: f(numpy.int32('3'))
9

Note that the answer is a Sage integer and not a numpy type:

sage: a = f(numpy.int8('2')).pyobject()
sage: type(a)
<type 'sage.rings.integer.Integer'>

This behavior also applies to standard functions:

sage: cos(numpy.int('2'))
cos(2)
sage: numpy.cos(numpy.int('2'))
-0.41614683654714241
class sage.symbolic.ring.SymbolicRing

Bases: sage.rings.ring.CommutativeRing

Symbolic Ring, parent object for all symbolic expressions.

characteristic()

Return the characteristic of the symbolic ring, which is 0.

OUTPUT:

  • a Sage integer

EXAMPLES:

sage: c = SR.characteristic(); c
0
sage: type(c)
<type 'sage.rings.integer.Integer'>
is_exact()

Return False, because there are approximate elements in the symbolic ring.

EXAMPLES:

sage: SR.is_exact()
False

Here is an inexact element.

sage: SR(1.9393)
1.93930000000000
is_field(proof=True)

Returns True, since the symbolic expression ring is (for the most part) a field.

EXAMPLES:

sage: SR.is_field()
True
is_finite()

Return False, since the Symbolic Ring is infinite.

EXAMPLES:

sage: SR.is_finite()
False
pi()

EXAMPLES:

sage: SR.pi() is pi
True
subring(*args, **kwds)

Create a subring of this symbolic ring.

INPUT:

Choose one of the following keywords to create a subring.

  • accepting_variables (default: None) – a tuple or other iterable of variables. If specified, then a symbolic subring of expressions in only these variables is created.
  • rejecting_variables (default: None) – a tuple or other iterable of variables. If specified, then a symbolic subring of expressions in variables distinct to these variables is created.
  • no_variables (default: False) – a boolean. If set, then a symbolic subring of constant expressions (i.e., expressions without a variable) is created.

OUTPUT:

A ring.

EXAMPLES:

Let us create a couple of symbolic variables first:

sage: V = var('a, b, r, s, x, y')

Now we create a symbolic subring only accepting expressions in the variables \(a\) and \(b\):

sage: A = SR.subring(accepting_variables=(a, b)); A
Symbolic Subring accepting the variables a, b

An element is

sage: A.an_element()
a

From our variables in \(V\) the following are valid in \(A\):

sage: tuple(v for v in V if v in A)
(a, b)

Next, we create a symbolic subring rejecting expressions with given variables:

sage: R = SR.subring(rejecting_variables=(r, s)); R
Symbolic Subring rejecting the variables r, s

An element is

sage: R.an_element()
some_variable

From our variables in \(V\) the following are valid in \(R\):

sage: tuple(v for v in V if v in R)
(a, b, x, y)

We have a third kind of subring, namely the subring of symbolic constants:

sage: C = SR.subring(no_variables=True); C
Symbolic Constants Subring

Note that this subring can be considered as a special accepting subring; one without any variables.

An element is

sage: C.an_element()
I*pi*e

None of our variables in \(V\) is valid in \(C\):

sage: tuple(v for v in V if v in C)
()
symbol(name=None, latex_name=None, domain=None)

EXAMPLES:

sage: t0 = SR.symbol("t0")
sage: t0.conjugate()
conjugate(t0)

sage: t1 = SR.symbol("t1", domain='real')
sage: t1.conjugate()
t1

sage: t0.abs()
abs(t0)

sage: t0_2 = SR.symbol("t0", domain='positive')
sage: t0_2.abs()
t0
sage: bool(t0_2 == t0)
True
sage: t0.conjugate()
t0

sage: SR.symbol() # temporary variable
symbol...

We propagate the domain to the assumptions database:

sage: n = var('n', domain='integer')
sage: solve([n^2 == 3],n)
[]

TESTS:

Test that the parent is set correctly (inheritance):

sage: from sage.symbolic.ring import SymbolicRing
sage: class MySymbolicRing(SymbolicRing):
....:     def _repr_(self):
....:         return 'My Symbolic Ring'
sage: MySR = MySymbolicRing()
sage: MySR.symbol('x').parent()
My Symbolic Ring
sage: MySR.var('x').parent()  # indirect doctest
My Symbolic Ring
sage: MySR.var('blub').parent()  # indirect doctest
My Symbolic Ring
sage: MySR.an_element().parent()
My Symbolic Ring
symbols
var(name, latex_name=None, domain=None)

Return the symbolic variable defined by x as an element of the symbolic ring.

EXAMPLES:

sage: zz = SR.var('zz'); zz
zz
sage: type(zz)
<type 'sage.symbolic.expression.Expression'>
sage: t = SR.var('theta2'); t
theta2

TESTS:

sage: var(' x y  z    ')
(x, y, z)
sage: var(' x  ,  y ,  z    ')
(x, y, z)
sage: var(' ')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: You need to specify the name of the new variable.

var(['x', 'y ', ' z '])
(x, y, z)
var(['x,y'])
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: The name "x,y" is not a valid Python identifier.

Check that trac ticket #17206 is fixed:

sage: var1 = var('var1', latex_name=r'\sigma^2_1'); latex(var1)
{\sigma^2_1}
wild(n=0)

Return the n-th wild-card for pattern matching and substitution.

INPUT:

  • n - a nonnegative integer

OUTPUT:

  • \(n^{th}\) wildcard expression

EXAMPLES:

sage: x,y = var('x,y')
sage: w0 = SR.wild(0); w1 = SR.wild(1)
sage: pattern = sin(x)*w0*w1^2; pattern
$1^2*$0*sin(x)
sage: f = atan(sin(x)*3*x^2); f
arctan(3*x^2*sin(x))
sage: f.has(pattern)
True
sage: f.subs(pattern == x^2)
arctan(x^2)

TESTS:

Check that trac ticket #15047 is fixed:

sage: latex(SR.wild(0))
$0
class sage.symbolic.ring.UnderscoreSageMorphism

Bases: sage.categories.morphism.Morphism

A Morphism which constructs Expressions from an arbitrary Python object by calling the _sage_() method on the object.

EXAMPLES:

sage: import sympy
sage: from sage.symbolic.ring import UnderscoreSageMorphism
sage: b = sympy.var('b')
sage: f = UnderscoreSageMorphism(type(b), SR)
sage: f(b)
b
sage: _.parent()
Symbolic Ring
sage.symbolic.ring.is_SymbolicExpressionRing(R)

Returns True if R is the symbolic expression ring.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.symbolic.ring import is_SymbolicExpressionRing
sage: is_SymbolicExpressionRing(ZZ)
False
sage: is_SymbolicExpressionRing(SR)
True
sage.symbolic.ring.is_SymbolicVariable(x)

Returns True if x is a variable.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.symbolic.ring import is_SymbolicVariable
sage: is_SymbolicVariable(x)
True
sage: is_SymbolicVariable(x+2)
False

TESTS:

sage: ZZ['x']
Univariate Polynomial Ring in x over Integer Ring
sage.symbolic.ring.isidentifier(x)

Return whether x is a valid identifier.

When we switch to Python 3 this function can be replaced by the official Python function of the same name.

INPUT:

  • x – a string.

OUTPUT:

Boolean. Whether the string x can be used as a variable name.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.symbolic.ring import isidentifier
sage: isidentifier('x')
True
sage: isidentifier(' x')   # can't start with space
False
sage: isidentifier('ceci_n_est_pas_une_pipe')
True
sage: isidentifier('1 + x')
False
sage: isidentifier('2good')
False
sage: isidentifier('good2')
True
sage: isidentifier('lambda s:s+1')
False
sage.symbolic.ring.the_SymbolicRing()

Return the unique symbolic ring object.

(This is mainly used for unpickling.)

EXAMPLES:

sage: sage.symbolic.ring.the_SymbolicRing()
Symbolic Ring
sage: sage.symbolic.ring.the_SymbolicRing() is sage.symbolic.ring.the_SymbolicRing()
True
sage: sage.symbolic.ring.the_SymbolicRing() is SR
True
sage.symbolic.ring.var(name, **kwds)

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.symbolic.ring import var
sage: var("x y z")
(x, y, z)
sage: var("x,y,z")
(x, y, z)
sage: var("x , y , z")
(x, y, z)
sage: var("z")
z

TESTS:

These examples test that variables can only be made from valid identifiers. See trac ticket #7496 (and trac ticket #9724) for details:

sage: var(' ')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: You need to specify the name of the new variable.
sage: var('3')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: The name "3" is not a valid Python identifier.