Lazy imports¶
This module allows one to lazily import objects into a namespace, where the actual import is delayed until the object is actually called or inspected. This is useful for modules that are expensive to import or may cause circular references, though there is some overhead in its use.
EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import
sage: lazy_import('sage.rings.all', 'ZZ')
sage: type(ZZ)
<type 'sage.misc.lazy_import.LazyImport'>
sage: ZZ(4.0)
4
By default, a warning is issued if a lazy import module is resolved
during Sage’s startup. In case a lazy import’s sole purpose is to
break a circular reference and it is known to be resolved at startup
time, one can use the at_startup
option:
sage: lazy_import('sage.rings.all', 'ZZ', at_startup=True)
This option can also be used as an intermediate step toward not importing by default a module that is used in several places, some of which can already afford to lazy import the module but not all.
A lazy import that is marked as “at_startup” will print a message if it is actually resolved after the startup, so that the developer knows that (s)he can remove the flag:
sage: ZZ
Option ``at_startup=True`` for lazy import ZZ not needed anymore
Integer Ring
See also
AUTHOR:
- Robert Bradshaw
-
class
sage.misc.lazy_import.
LazyImport
¶ Bases:
object
EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.misc.lazy_import import LazyImport sage: my_integer = LazyImport('sage.rings.all', 'Integer') sage: my_integer(4) 4 sage: my_integer('101', base=2) 5 sage: my_integer(3/2) Traceback (most recent call last): ... TypeError: no conversion of this rational to integer
-
sage.misc.lazy_import.
finish_startup
()¶ This function must be called exactly once at the end of the Sage import process
TESTS:
sage: from sage.misc.lazy_import import finish_startup sage: finish_startup() Traceback (most recent call last): ... AssertionError: finish_startup() must be called exactly once
-
sage.misc.lazy_import.
get_star_imports
(module_name)¶ Lookup the list of names in a module that would be imported with “import *” either via a cache or actually importing.
EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.misc.lazy_import import get_star_imports sage: 'get_star_imports' in get_star_imports('sage.misc.lazy_import') True sage: 'EllipticCurve' in get_star_imports('sage.schemes.all') True
TESTS:
sage: import os, tempfile sage: fd, cache_file = tempfile.mkstemp() sage: os.write(fd, 'invalid') 7 sage: os.close(fd) sage: import sage.misc.lazy_import as lazy sage: lazy.get_cache_file = (lambda: cache_file) sage: lazy.star_imports = None sage: lazy.get_star_imports('sage.schemes.all') doctest:...: UserWarning: star_imports cache is corrupted [...] sage: os.remove(cache_file)
-
sage.misc.lazy_import.
is_during_startup
()¶ Return whether Sage is currently starting up
OUTPUT:
Boolean
TESTS:
sage: from sage.misc.lazy_import import is_during_startup sage: is_during_startup() False
-
sage.misc.lazy_import.
lazy_import
(module, names, _as=None, namespace=None, overwrite=True, at_startup=False, deprecation=None)¶ Create a lazy import object and inject it into the caller’s global namespace. For the purposes of introspection and calling, this is like performing a lazy “from module import name” where the import is delayed until the object actually is used or inspected.
INPUT:
module
– a string representing the module to importnames
– a string or list of strings representing the names to import from module_as
– (optional) a string or list of strings representing the aliases of the names importednamespace
– the namespace where importing the names; by default, import the names to current namespaceoverwrite
– (default:True
) if set toTrue
and a name is already in the namespace, overwrite it with the lazy_import-ed nameat_startup
– a boolean (default:False
); whether the lazy import is supposed to be resolved at startup timedeprecation
– (optional) if notNone
, a deprecation warning will be issued when the object is actually imported;deprecation
should be either a trac number (integer) or a pair(trac_number, message)
See also
EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import sage: lazy_import('sage.rings.all', 'ZZ') sage: type(ZZ) <type 'sage.misc.lazy_import.LazyImport'> sage: ZZ(4.0) 4 sage: lazy_import('sage.rings.all', 'RDF', 'my_RDF') sage: my_RDF._get_object() is RDF True sage: my_RDF(1/2) 0.5 sage: lazy_import('sage.all', ['QQ', 'RR'], ['my_QQ', 'my_RR']) sage: my_QQ._get_object() is QQ True sage: my_RR._get_object() is RR True
Upon the first use, the object is injected directly into the calling namespace:
sage: lazy_import('sage.all', 'ZZ', 'my_ZZ') sage: my_ZZ is ZZ False sage: my_ZZ(37) 37 sage: my_ZZ is ZZ True
We check that
lazy_import()
also works for methods:sage: class Foo(object): ... lazy_import('sage.all', 'plot') sage: class Bar(Foo): ... pass sage: type(Foo.__dict__['plot']) <type 'sage.misc.lazy_import.LazyImport'> sage: 'EXAMPLES' in Bar.plot.__doc__ True sage: type(Foo.__dict__['plot']) <type 'function'>
If deprecated then a deprecation warning is issued:
sage: lazy_import('sage.all', 'Qp', 'my_Qp', deprecation=14275) sage: my_Qp(5) doctest:...: DeprecationWarning: Importing my_Qp from here is deprecated. If you need to use it, please import it directly from sage.all See http://trac.sagemath.org/14275 for details. 5-adic Field with capped relative precision 20
An example of deprecation with a message:
sage: lazy_import('sage.all', 'Qp', 'my_Qp_msg', deprecation=(14275, "This is an example.")) sage: my_Qp_msg(5) doctest:...: DeprecationWarning: This is an example. See http://trac.sagemath.org/14275 for details. 5-adic Field with capped relative precision 20
-
sage.misc.lazy_import.
save_cache_file
()¶ Used to save the cached * import names.
TESTS:
sage: import sage.misc.lazy_import sage: sage.misc.lazy_import.save_cache_file()
-
sage.misc.lazy_import.
test_fake_startup
()¶ For testing purposes only.
Switch the startup lazy import guard back on.
EXAMPLES:
sage: sage.misc.lazy_import.test_fake_startup() sage: from sage.misc.lazy_import import lazy_import sage: lazy_import('sage.rings.all', 'ZZ', 'my_ZZ') sage: my_ZZ(123) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Resolving lazy import ZZ during startup Calling stack: ... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 123 sage: sage.misc.lazy_import.finish_startup()