附录 A. debmake(1) manpage

debmake - program to make the Debian source package

debmake [-h] [-c | -k] [-n | -a package-version.orig.tar.gz | -d | -t ] [-p package] [-u version] [-r revision] [-z extension] [-b "binarypackage, …]" [-e foo@example.org] [-f "firstname lastname"] [-i "buildtool" | -j] [-l license_file] [-m] [-o file] [-q] [-s] [-v] [-w "addon, …"] [-x [01234]] [-y] [-L] [-P] [-T]

debmake helps to build the Debian package from the upstream source. Normally, this is done as follows:

  • 下载上游源码压缩包(tarball)并命名为 package-version.tar.gz 文件。
  • It is untared to create many files under the package-version/ directory.
  • debmake is invoked in the package-version/ directory possibly without any arguments.
  • Files in the package-version/debian/ directory are manually adjusted.
  • dpkg-buildpackage (usually from its wrapper debuild or pdebuild) is invoked in the package-version/ directory to make Debian packages.

请确保将 -b-f-l-w 选项的参数使用引号合适地保护起来,以避免 shell 环境的干扰。

-h, --help
show this help message and exit.
-c, --copyright

scan source for copyright+license text and exit.

  • -c: simple output style
  • -cc: normal output style (similar to the debian/copyright file)
  • -ccc: debug output style
-k, --kludge

compare the debian/copyright file with the source and exit.

The debian/copyright file must be organized to list the generic file patterns before the specific exceptions.

  • -k: basic output style
  • -kk: verbose output style
-n, --native

make a native Debian source package without .orig.tar.gz. This makes the “3.0 (native)” format package.

If you are thinking to package a Debian specific source tree with debian/* in it into a native Debian package, please think otherwise. You can use the “debmake -d -i debuild” or “debmake -t -i debuild” commands to make the “3.0 (quilt)” format non-native Debian package. The only difference is that the debian/changelog file must use the non-native version scheme: version-revision. The non-native package is more friendly to the downstream distributions.

-a package-version.tar.gz, --archive package-version.tar.gz

use the upstream source tarball directly. (-p, -u, -z: overridden)

The upstream tarball may be specified as package_version.orig.tar.gz and tar.gz for all cases may be tar.bz2, or tar.xz.

If the specified upstream tarball name contains uppercase letters, the Debian package name is generated by converting them to lowercase letters.

If the specified argument is the URL (http://, https://, or ftp://) to the upstream tarball, the upstream tarball is downloaded from the URL using wget or curl.

-d, --dist

run the “make dist” command equivalents first to generate the upstream tarball and use it.

The “debmake -d” command is designed to run in the package/ directory hosting the upstream VCS with the build system supporting the “make dist” command equivalents. (automake/autoconf, Python distutils, …)

-t, --tar

run the “tar” command to generate the upstream tarball and use it.

The “debmake -t” command is designed to run in the package/ directory hosting the upstream VCS. Unless you provide the upstream version with the -u option or with the debian/changelog file, a snapshot upstream version is generated in the 0~%y%m%d%H%M format, e.g., 0~1403012359, from the UTC date and time. The generated tarball excludes the debian/ directory found in the upstream VCS. (It also excludes typical VCS directories: .git/ .hg/ .svn/ .CVS/)

-p package, --package package
set the Debian package name.
-u version, --upstreamversion version
set the upstream package version.
-r revision, --revision revision
set the Debian package revision.
-z extension, --targz extension
set the tarball type, extension=(tar.gz|tar.bz2|tar.xz) (alias: z, b, x)
-b "binarypackage[:type],…", --binaryspec "binarypackage[:type],…"

set the binary package specs by the comma separated list of binarypackage:type pairs, e.g., in the full form “foo:bin,foo-doc:doc,libfoo1:lib,libfoo1-dbg:dbg,libfoo-dev:dev” or in the short form “,-doc,libfoo1,libfoo1-dbg, libfoo-dev”.

Here, binarypackage is the binary package name; and the optional type is chosen from the following type values:

  • bin: C/C++ compiled ELF binary code package (any, foreign) (default, alias: "", i.e., null-string)
  • data: Data (fonts, graphics, …) package (all, foreign) (alias: da)
  • dbg: Debug symbol package (any, same) (alias: db) (deprecated for strech and after since the -dbgsym package is automatically generated)
  • dev: Library development package (any, same) (alias: de)
  • doc: Documentation package (all, foreign) (alias: do)
  • lib: Library package (any, same) (alias: l)
  • perl: Perl script package (all, foreign) (alias: pl)
  • python: Python script package (all, foreign) (alias: py)
  • python3: Python3 script package (all, foreign) (alias: py3)
  • ruby: Ruby script package (all, foreign) (alias: rb)
  • script: Shell script package (all, foreign) (alias: sh)

The pair values in the parentheses, such as (any, foreign), are the Architecture and Multi-Arch stanza values set in the debian/control file.

In many cases, the debmake command makes good guesses for type from binarypackage. If type is not obvious, type is set to bin. For example, libfoo sets type to lib, and font-bar sets type to data, …

If the source tree contents do not match settings for type, the debmake command warns you.

-e foo@example.org, --email foo@example.org

set e-mail address.

The default is taken from the value of the environment variable $DEBEMAIL.

-f "firstname lastname", --fullname "firstname lastname"

set the fullname.

The default is taken from the value of the environment variable $DEBFULLNAME.

-i "buildtool", --invoke "buildtool"

invoke "buildtool" at the end of execution. buildtool may be “dpkg-buildpackage”, “debuild”, “pdebuild”, “pdebuild --pbuilder cowbuilder”, etc..

The default is not to execute any program.

Setting this option automatically sets the --local option.

-j, --judge

run dpkg-depcheck to judge build dependencies and identify file paths. Log files are in the parent directory.

  • package.build-dep.log: Log file for dpkg-depcheck.
  • package.install.log: Log file recording files in the debian/tmp directory.
-l "license_file,…", --license "license_file,…"

add formatted license text to the end of the debian/copyright file holding license scan results

The default is add COPYING and LICENSE and license_file needs to list only the additional file names all separated by “,”.

-m, --monoarch
force packages to be non-multiarch.
-o file, --option file

read optional parameters from the file. (This is not for everyday use.)

The file is sourced as the Python3 code at the end of para.py. For example, the package description can be specified by the following file.

para['desc'] = 'program short description'
para['desc_long'] = '''\
 program long description which you wish to include.
 .
 Empty line is space + .
 You keep going on ...
'''
-q, --quitearly
quit early before creating files in the debian/ directory.
-s, --spec
use upstream spec (setup.py for Python, etc.) for the package description.
-v, --version
show version information.
-w "addon,…", --with "addon,…"

add extra arguments to the --with option of the dh(1) command as addon in debian/rules.

The addon values are listed all separated by “,”, e.g., “-w "python2,autoreconf"”.

For Autotools based packages, setting autoreconf as addon forces to run “autoreconf -i -v -f” for every package building. Otherwise, autotools-dev as addon is used as default.

For Autotools based packages, if they install Python programs, python2 as addon is needed for packages with “compat < 9” since this is non-obvious. But for setup.py based packages, python2 as addon is not needed since this is obvious and it is automatically set for the dh(1) command by the debmake command when it is required.

-x n, --extra n

generate extra configuration files as templates.

The number n changes which configuration templates are generated.

  • -x0: bare minimum configuration files. (default if these files exist already)
  • -x1: ,, + desirable configuration files. (default for new packages)
  • -x2: ,, + interesting configuration files. (recommended for experts, multi binary aware)
  • -x3: ,, + unusual configuration template files with the extra .ex suffix to ease their removal. (recommended for new users) To use these as configuration files, rename their file names into ones without the .ex suffix.
  • -x4: ,, + copyright file examples.
-y, --yes
“force yes” for all prompts. (without option: “ask [Y/n]”; doubled option: “force no”)
-L, --local
generate configuration files for the local package to fool lintian(1) checks.
-P, --pedantic
pedantically check auto-generated files.
-T, --tutorial
output tutorial comment lines in template files.

For a well behaving source, you can build a good-for-local-use installable single Debian binary package easily with one command. Test install of such a package generated in this way offers a good alternative to the traditional “make install” command to the /usr/local directory since the Debian package can be removed cleanly by the “dpkg -P …” command. Here are some examples of how to build such test packages. (These should work in most cases. If the -d option does not work, try the -t option instead.)

For a typical C program source tree packaged with autoconf/automake:

  • debmake -d -i debuild

For a typical python module source tree:

  • debmake -s -d -b":python" -i debuild

For a typical python module in the package-version.tar.gz archive:

  • debmake -s -a package-version.tar.gz -b":python" -i debuild

For a typical perl module in the Package-version.tar.gz archive:

  • debmake -a Package-version.tar.gz -b":perl" -i debuild

Packaging may require installation of some additional specialty helper packages.

  • Python3 program may require the dh-python package.
  • Autotools (Autoconf + Automake) build system may require autotools-dev or dh-autoreconf package.
  • Ruby program may require the gem2deb package.
  • Java program may require the javahelper package.
  • Gnome programs may require the gobject-introspection package.
  • etc.

debmake 的目的是为软件包维护者提供开始工作的模板文件。注释行以 # 开始,其中包含一些教程性文字。您在将软件包上传至 Debian 仓库之前必须删除或者修改这样的注释行。

许可证信息的提取和指派过程应用了大量启发式操作,因此在某些情况下可能不会正常工作。强烈建议您搭配使用其它工具,例如来自 devscripts 软件包的 licensecheck 工具,以配合 debmake 的使用。

组成 Debian 软件包名称的字符选取存在一定的限制。最明显的限制应当是软件包名称中禁止出现大写字母。下面给出正则表达式形式的规则总结。

  • 上游软件包名称(-p):[-+.a-z0-9]{2,}
  • 二进制软件包名称(-b):[-+.a-z0-9]{2,}
  • 上游版本号(-u):[0-9][-+.:~a-z0-9A-Z]*
  • Debian 修订版本(-r): [0-9][+.~a-z0-9A-Z]*

请在“Debian 政策手册”的 第 5 章 - Control 文件及其字段 一节中查看其精确定义。

debmake 所假设的打包情景是相对简单的。因此,所有与解释器相关的程序都会默认为“Architecture: all”的情况。当然,这个假设并非总是成立。

Please report bugs to the debmake package using the reportbug command.

The character set in the environment variable $DEBUG determines the logging output level.

  • i: print information
  • p: list all global parameters
  • d: list parsed parameters for all binary packages
  • f: input filename for the copyright scan
  • y: year/name split of copyright line
  • s: line scanner for format_state
  • b: content_state scan loop: begin-loop
  • m: content_state scan loop: after regex match
  • e: content_state scan loop: end-loop
  • c: print copyright section text
  • l: print license section text
  • a: print author/translator section text
  • k: sort key for debian/copyright stanza
  • n: scan result of debian/copyright (“debmake -k”)

Use this as:

 $ DEBUG=pdfbmeclak debmake ...

See README.developer in the source for more.

Copyright © 2014-2015 Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>

Expat 许可证

The debmake-doc package provides the “Guide for Debian Maintainers” in the plain text, HTML and PDF formats under the /usr/share/doc/debmake-doc/ directory.

Also, please read the original Debian New Maintainers’ Guide provided by the the maint-guide package.

See also dpkg-source(1), deb-control(5), debhelper(7), dh(1), dpkg-buildpackage(1), debuild(1), quilt(1), dpkg-depcheck(1), pdebuild(1), pbuilder(8), cowbuilder(8), gbp-buildpackage(1), gbp-pq(1), and git-pbuilder(1) manpages.