Kernel Density EstimationΒΆ
In [1]:
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats
import statsmodels.api as sm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from statsmodels.distributions.mixture_rvs import mixture_rvs
A univariate example.¶
In [2]:
np.random.seed(12345)
In [3]:
obs_dist1 = mixture_rvs([.25,.75], size=10000, dist=[stats.norm, stats.norm],
kwargs = (dict(loc=-1,scale=.5),dict(loc=1,scale=.5)))
In [4]:
kde = sm.nonparametric.KDEUnivariate(obs_dist1)
kde.fit()
In [5]:
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.hist(obs_dist1, bins=50, normed=True, color='red')
ax.plot(kde.support, kde.density, lw=2, color='black');
Error in callback <function post_execute at 0x7f89c987e578> (for post_execute):
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- RuntimeError Traceback (most recent call last) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in post_execute() 145 def post_execute(): 146 if matplotlib.is_interactive(): --> 147 draw_all() 148 149 # IPython >= 2 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/_pylab_helpers.pyc in draw_all(cls, force) 148 for f_mgr in cls.get_all_fig_managers(): 149 if force or f_mgr.canvas.figure.stale: --> 150 f_mgr.canvas.draw_idle() 151 152 atexit.register(Gcf.destroy_all) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.pyc in draw_idle(self, *args, **kwargs) 2024 if not self._is_idle_drawing: 2025 with self._idle_draw_cntx(): -> 2026 self.draw(*args, **kwargs) 2027 2028 def draw_cursor(self, event): /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.pyc in draw(self) 472 473 try: --> 474 self.figure.draw(self.renderer) 475 finally: 476 RendererAgg.lock.release() /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.pyc in draw(self, renderer) 1157 dsu.sort(key=itemgetter(0)) 1158 for zorder, a, func, args in dsu: -> 1159 func(*args) 1160 1161 renderer.close_group('figure') /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.pyc in draw(self, renderer, inframe) 2322 2323 for zorder, a in dsu: -> 2324 a.draw(renderer) 2325 2326 renderer.close_group('axes') /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.pyc in draw(self, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 1106 ticks_to_draw = self._update_ticks(renderer) 1107 ticklabelBoxes, ticklabelBoxes2 = self._get_tick_bboxes(ticks_to_draw, -> 1108 renderer) 1109 1110 for tick in ticks_to_draw: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.pyc in _get_tick_bboxes(self, ticks, renderer) 1056 for tick in ticks: 1057 if tick.label1On and tick.label1.get_visible(): -> 1058 extent = tick.label1.get_window_extent(renderer) 1059 ticklabelBoxes.append(extent) 1060 if tick.label2On and tick.label2.get_visible(): /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.pyc in get_window_extent(self, renderer, dpi) 959 raise RuntimeError('Cannot get window extent w/o renderer') 960 --> 961 bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(self._renderer) 962 x, y = self.get_unitless_position() 963 x, y = self.get_transform().transform_point((x, y)) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.pyc in _get_layout(self, renderer) 350 tmp, lp_h, lp_bl = renderer.get_text_width_height_descent('lp', 351 self._fontproperties, --> 352 ismath=False) 353 offsety = (lp_h - lp_bl) * self._linespacing 354 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.pyc in get_text_width_height_descent(self, s, prop, ismath) 227 fontsize = prop.get_size_in_points() 228 w, h, d = texmanager.get_text_width_height_descent(s, fontsize, --> 229 renderer=self) 230 return w, h, d 231 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in get_text_width_height_descent(self, tex, fontsize, renderer) 673 else: 674 # use dviread. It sometimes returns a wrong descent. --> 675 dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize) 676 dvi = dviread.Dvi(dvifile, 72 * dpi_fraction) 677 try: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in make_dvi(self, tex, fontsize) 420 'string:\n%s\nHere is the full report generated by ' 421 'LaTeX: \n\n' % repr(tex.encode('unicode_escape')) + --> 422 report)) 423 else: 424 mpl.verbose.report(report, 'debug') RuntimeError: LaTeX was not able to process the following string: 'lp' Here is the full report generated by LaTeX:
<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f89b6b08890>
In [6]:
obs_dist2 = mixture_rvs([.25,.75], size=10000, dist=[stats.norm, stats.beta],
kwargs = (dict(loc=-1,scale=.5),dict(loc=1,scale=1,args=(1,.5))))
kde2 = sm.nonparametric.KDEUnivariate(obs_dist2)
kde2.fit()
In [7]:
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.hist(obs_dist2, bins=50, normed=True, color='red')
ax.plot(kde2.support, kde2.density, lw=2, color='black');
Error in callback <function post_execute at 0x7f89c987e578> (for post_execute):
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- RuntimeError Traceback (most recent call last) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in post_execute() 145 def post_execute(): 146 if matplotlib.is_interactive(): --> 147 draw_all() 148 149 # IPython >= 2 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/_pylab_helpers.pyc in draw_all(cls, force) 148 for f_mgr in cls.get_all_fig_managers(): 149 if force or f_mgr.canvas.figure.stale: --> 150 f_mgr.canvas.draw_idle() 151 152 atexit.register(Gcf.destroy_all) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.pyc in draw_idle(self, *args, **kwargs) 2024 if not self._is_idle_drawing: 2025 with self._idle_draw_cntx(): -> 2026 self.draw(*args, **kwargs) 2027 2028 def draw_cursor(self, event): /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.pyc in draw(self) 472 473 try: --> 474 self.figure.draw(self.renderer) 475 finally: 476 RendererAgg.lock.release() /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.pyc in draw(self, renderer) 1157 dsu.sort(key=itemgetter(0)) 1158 for zorder, a, func, args in dsu: -> 1159 func(*args) 1160 1161 renderer.close_group('figure') /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.pyc in draw(self, renderer, inframe) 2322 2323 for zorder, a in dsu: -> 2324 a.draw(renderer) 2325 2326 renderer.close_group('axes') /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.pyc in draw(self, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 1106 ticks_to_draw = self._update_ticks(renderer) 1107 ticklabelBoxes, ticklabelBoxes2 = self._get_tick_bboxes(ticks_to_draw, -> 1108 renderer) 1109 1110 for tick in ticks_to_draw: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.pyc in _get_tick_bboxes(self, ticks, renderer) 1056 for tick in ticks: 1057 if tick.label1On and tick.label1.get_visible(): -> 1058 extent = tick.label1.get_window_extent(renderer) 1059 ticklabelBoxes.append(extent) 1060 if tick.label2On and tick.label2.get_visible(): /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.pyc in get_window_extent(self, renderer, dpi) 959 raise RuntimeError('Cannot get window extent w/o renderer') 960 --> 961 bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(self._renderer) 962 x, y = self.get_unitless_position() 963 x, y = self.get_transform().transform_point((x, y)) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.pyc in _get_layout(self, renderer) 350 tmp, lp_h, lp_bl = renderer.get_text_width_height_descent('lp', 351 self._fontproperties, --> 352 ismath=False) 353 offsety = (lp_h - lp_bl) * self._linespacing 354 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.pyc in get_text_width_height_descent(self, s, prop, ismath) 227 fontsize = prop.get_size_in_points() 228 w, h, d = texmanager.get_text_width_height_descent(s, fontsize, --> 229 renderer=self) 230 return w, h, d 231 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in get_text_width_height_descent(self, tex, fontsize, renderer) 673 else: 674 # use dviread. It sometimes returns a wrong descent. --> 675 dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize) 676 dvi = dviread.Dvi(dvifile, 72 * dpi_fraction) 677 try: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in make_dvi(self, tex, fontsize) 420 'string:\n%s\nHere is the full report generated by ' 421 'LaTeX: \n\n' % repr(tex.encode('unicode_escape')) + --> 422 report)) 423 else: 424 mpl.verbose.report(report, 'debug') RuntimeError: LaTeX was not able to process the following string: 'lp' Here is the full report generated by LaTeX:
<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f89b6489cd0>
The fitted KDE object is a full non-parametric distribution.
In [8]:
obs_dist3 = mixture_rvs([.25,.75], size=1000, dist=[stats.norm, stats.norm],
kwargs = (dict(loc=-1,scale=.5),dict(loc=1,scale=.5)))
kde3 = sm.nonparametric.KDEUnivariate(obs_dist3)
kde3.fit()
In [9]:
kde3.entropy
Out[9]:
1.3343301918419768
In [10]:
kde3.evaluate(-1)
Out[10]:
array([ 0.1799])
CDF¶
In [11]:
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(kde3.support, kde3.cdf);
Error in callback <function post_execute at 0x7f89c987e578> (for post_execute):
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- RuntimeError Traceback (most recent call last) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in post_execute() 145 def post_execute(): 146 if matplotlib.is_interactive(): --> 147 draw_all() 148 149 # IPython >= 2 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/_pylab_helpers.pyc in draw_all(cls, force) 148 for f_mgr in cls.get_all_fig_managers(): 149 if force or f_mgr.canvas.figure.stale: --> 150 f_mgr.canvas.draw_idle() 151 152 atexit.register(Gcf.destroy_all) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.pyc in draw_idle(self, *args, **kwargs) 2024 if not self._is_idle_drawing: 2025 with self._idle_draw_cntx(): -> 2026 self.draw(*args, **kwargs) 2027 2028 def draw_cursor(self, event): /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.pyc in draw(self) 472 473 try: --> 474 self.figure.draw(self.renderer) 475 finally: 476 RendererAgg.lock.release() /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.pyc in draw(self, renderer) 1157 dsu.sort(key=itemgetter(0)) 1158 for zorder, a, func, args in dsu: -> 1159 func(*args) 1160 1161 renderer.close_group('figure') /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.pyc in draw(self, renderer, inframe) 2322 2323 for zorder, a in dsu: -> 2324 a.draw(renderer) 2325 2326 renderer.close_group('axes') /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.pyc in draw(self, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 1106 ticks_to_draw = self._update_ticks(renderer) 1107 ticklabelBoxes, ticklabelBoxes2 = self._get_tick_bboxes(ticks_to_draw, -> 1108 renderer) 1109 1110 for tick in ticks_to_draw: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.pyc in _get_tick_bboxes(self, ticks, renderer) 1056 for tick in ticks: 1057 if tick.label1On and tick.label1.get_visible(): -> 1058 extent = tick.label1.get_window_extent(renderer) 1059 ticklabelBoxes.append(extent) 1060 if tick.label2On and tick.label2.get_visible(): /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.pyc in get_window_extent(self, renderer, dpi) 959 raise RuntimeError('Cannot get window extent w/o renderer') 960 --> 961 bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(self._renderer) 962 x, y = self.get_unitless_position() 963 x, y = self.get_transform().transform_point((x, y)) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.pyc in _get_layout(self, renderer) 350 tmp, lp_h, lp_bl = renderer.get_text_width_height_descent('lp', 351 self._fontproperties, --> 352 ismath=False) 353 offsety = (lp_h - lp_bl) * self._linespacing 354 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.pyc in get_text_width_height_descent(self, s, prop, ismath) 227 fontsize = prop.get_size_in_points() 228 w, h, d = texmanager.get_text_width_height_descent(s, fontsize, --> 229 renderer=self) 230 return w, h, d 231 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in get_text_width_height_descent(self, tex, fontsize, renderer) 673 else: 674 # use dviread. It sometimes returns a wrong descent. --> 675 dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize) 676 dvi = dviread.Dvi(dvifile, 72 * dpi_fraction) 677 try: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in make_dvi(self, tex, fontsize) 420 'string:\n%s\nHere is the full report generated by ' 421 'LaTeX: \n\n' % repr(tex.encode('unicode_escape')) + --> 422 report)) 423 else: 424 mpl.verbose.report(report, 'debug') RuntimeError: LaTeX was not able to process the following string: 'lp' Here is the full report generated by LaTeX:
<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f89b6a69950>
Cumulative Hazard Function¶
In [12]:
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(kde3.support, kde3.cumhazard);
Error in callback <function post_execute at 0x7f89c987e578> (for post_execute):
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- RuntimeError Traceback (most recent call last) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in post_execute() 145 def post_execute(): 146 if matplotlib.is_interactive(): --> 147 draw_all() 148 149 # IPython >= 2 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/_pylab_helpers.pyc in draw_all(cls, force) 148 for f_mgr in cls.get_all_fig_managers(): 149 if force or f_mgr.canvas.figure.stale: --> 150 f_mgr.canvas.draw_idle() 151 152 atexit.register(Gcf.destroy_all) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.pyc in draw_idle(self, *args, **kwargs) 2024 if not self._is_idle_drawing: 2025 with self._idle_draw_cntx(): -> 2026 self.draw(*args, **kwargs) 2027 2028 def draw_cursor(self, event): /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.pyc in draw(self) 472 473 try: --> 474 self.figure.draw(self.renderer) 475 finally: 476 RendererAgg.lock.release() /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.pyc in draw(self, renderer) 1157 dsu.sort(key=itemgetter(0)) 1158 for zorder, a, func, args in dsu: -> 1159 func(*args) 1160 1161 renderer.close_group('figure') /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.pyc in draw(self, renderer, inframe) 2322 2323 for zorder, a in dsu: -> 2324 a.draw(renderer) 2325 2326 renderer.close_group('axes') /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.pyc in draw(self, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 1106 ticks_to_draw = self._update_ticks(renderer) 1107 ticklabelBoxes, ticklabelBoxes2 = self._get_tick_bboxes(ticks_to_draw, -> 1108 renderer) 1109 1110 for tick in ticks_to_draw: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.pyc in _get_tick_bboxes(self, ticks, renderer) 1056 for tick in ticks: 1057 if tick.label1On and tick.label1.get_visible(): -> 1058 extent = tick.label1.get_window_extent(renderer) 1059 ticklabelBoxes.append(extent) 1060 if tick.label2On and tick.label2.get_visible(): /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.pyc in get_window_extent(self, renderer, dpi) 959 raise RuntimeError('Cannot get window extent w/o renderer') 960 --> 961 bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(self._renderer) 962 x, y = self.get_unitless_position() 963 x, y = self.get_transform().transform_point((x, y)) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.pyc in _get_layout(self, renderer) 350 tmp, lp_h, lp_bl = renderer.get_text_width_height_descent('lp', 351 self._fontproperties, --> 352 ismath=False) 353 offsety = (lp_h - lp_bl) * self._linespacing 354 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.pyc in get_text_width_height_descent(self, s, prop, ismath) 227 fontsize = prop.get_size_in_points() 228 w, h, d = texmanager.get_text_width_height_descent(s, fontsize, --> 229 renderer=self) 230 return w, h, d 231 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in get_text_width_height_descent(self, tex, fontsize, renderer) 673 else: 674 # use dviread. It sometimes returns a wrong descent. --> 675 dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize) 676 dvi = dviread.Dvi(dvifile, 72 * dpi_fraction) 677 try: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in make_dvi(self, tex, fontsize) 420 'string:\n%s\nHere is the full report generated by ' 421 'LaTeX: \n\n' % repr(tex.encode('unicode_escape')) + --> 422 report)) 423 else: 424 mpl.verbose.report(report, 'debug') RuntimeError: LaTeX was not able to process the following string: 'lp' Here is the full report generated by LaTeX:
<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f89b675d7d0>
Inverse CDF¶
In [13]:
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(kde3.support, kde3.icdf);
Error in callback <function post_execute at 0x7f89c987e578> (for post_execute):
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- RuntimeError Traceback (most recent call last) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in post_execute() 145 def post_execute(): 146 if matplotlib.is_interactive(): --> 147 draw_all() 148 149 # IPython >= 2 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/_pylab_helpers.pyc in draw_all(cls, force) 148 for f_mgr in cls.get_all_fig_managers(): 149 if force or f_mgr.canvas.figure.stale: --> 150 f_mgr.canvas.draw_idle() 151 152 atexit.register(Gcf.destroy_all) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.pyc in draw_idle(self, *args, **kwargs) 2024 if not self._is_idle_drawing: 2025 with self._idle_draw_cntx(): -> 2026 self.draw(*args, **kwargs) 2027 2028 def draw_cursor(self, event): /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.pyc in draw(self) 472 473 try: --> 474 self.figure.draw(self.renderer) 475 finally: 476 RendererAgg.lock.release() /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.pyc in draw(self, renderer) 1157 dsu.sort(key=itemgetter(0)) 1158 for zorder, a, func, args in dsu: -> 1159 func(*args) 1160 1161 renderer.close_group('figure') /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.pyc in draw(self, renderer, inframe) 2322 2323 for zorder, a in dsu: -> 2324 a.draw(renderer) 2325 2326 renderer.close_group('axes') /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.pyc in draw(self, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 1106 ticks_to_draw = self._update_ticks(renderer) 1107 ticklabelBoxes, ticklabelBoxes2 = self._get_tick_bboxes(ticks_to_draw, -> 1108 renderer) 1109 1110 for tick in ticks_to_draw: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.pyc in _get_tick_bboxes(self, ticks, renderer) 1056 for tick in ticks: 1057 if tick.label1On and tick.label1.get_visible(): -> 1058 extent = tick.label1.get_window_extent(renderer) 1059 ticklabelBoxes.append(extent) 1060 if tick.label2On and tick.label2.get_visible(): /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.pyc in get_window_extent(self, renderer, dpi) 959 raise RuntimeError('Cannot get window extent w/o renderer') 960 --> 961 bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(self._renderer) 962 x, y = self.get_unitless_position() 963 x, y = self.get_transform().transform_point((x, y)) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.pyc in _get_layout(self, renderer) 350 tmp, lp_h, lp_bl = renderer.get_text_width_height_descent('lp', 351 self._fontproperties, --> 352 ismath=False) 353 offsety = (lp_h - lp_bl) * self._linespacing 354 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.pyc in get_text_width_height_descent(self, s, prop, ismath) 227 fontsize = prop.get_size_in_points() 228 w, h, d = texmanager.get_text_width_height_descent(s, fontsize, --> 229 renderer=self) 230 return w, h, d 231 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in get_text_width_height_descent(self, tex, fontsize, renderer) 673 else: 674 # use dviread. It sometimes returns a wrong descent. --> 675 dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize) 676 dvi = dviread.Dvi(dvifile, 72 * dpi_fraction) 677 try: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in make_dvi(self, tex, fontsize) 420 'string:\n%s\nHere is the full report generated by ' 421 'LaTeX: \n\n' % repr(tex.encode('unicode_escape')) + --> 422 report)) 423 else: 424 mpl.verbose.report(report, 'debug') RuntimeError: LaTeX was not able to process the following string: 'lp' Here is the full report generated by LaTeX:
<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f89b667d0d0>
Survival Function¶
In [14]:
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(kde3.support, kde3.sf);
Error in callback <function post_execute at 0x7f89c987e578> (for post_execute):
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- RuntimeError Traceback (most recent call last) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in post_execute() 145 def post_execute(): 146 if matplotlib.is_interactive(): --> 147 draw_all() 148 149 # IPython >= 2 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/_pylab_helpers.pyc in draw_all(cls, force) 148 for f_mgr in cls.get_all_fig_managers(): 149 if force or f_mgr.canvas.figure.stale: --> 150 f_mgr.canvas.draw_idle() 151 152 atexit.register(Gcf.destroy_all) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.pyc in draw_idle(self, *args, **kwargs) 2024 if not self._is_idle_drawing: 2025 with self._idle_draw_cntx(): -> 2026 self.draw(*args, **kwargs) 2027 2028 def draw_cursor(self, event): /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.pyc in draw(self) 472 473 try: --> 474 self.figure.draw(self.renderer) 475 finally: 476 RendererAgg.lock.release() /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.pyc in draw(self, renderer) 1157 dsu.sort(key=itemgetter(0)) 1158 for zorder, a, func, args in dsu: -> 1159 func(*args) 1160 1161 renderer.close_group('figure') /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.pyc in draw(self, renderer, inframe) 2322 2323 for zorder, a in dsu: -> 2324 a.draw(renderer) 2325 2326 renderer.close_group('axes') /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 59 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs): 60 before(artist, renderer) ---> 61 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 62 after(artist, renderer) 63 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.pyc in draw(self, renderer, *args, **kwargs) 1106 ticks_to_draw = self._update_ticks(renderer) 1107 ticklabelBoxes, ticklabelBoxes2 = self._get_tick_bboxes(ticks_to_draw, -> 1108 renderer) 1109 1110 for tick in ticks_to_draw: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.pyc in _get_tick_bboxes(self, ticks, renderer) 1056 for tick in ticks: 1057 if tick.label1On and tick.label1.get_visible(): -> 1058 extent = tick.label1.get_window_extent(renderer) 1059 ticklabelBoxes.append(extent) 1060 if tick.label2On and tick.label2.get_visible(): /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.pyc in get_window_extent(self, renderer, dpi) 959 raise RuntimeError('Cannot get window extent w/o renderer') 960 --> 961 bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(self._renderer) 962 x, y = self.get_unitless_position() 963 x, y = self.get_transform().transform_point((x, y)) /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.pyc in _get_layout(self, renderer) 350 tmp, lp_h, lp_bl = renderer.get_text_width_height_descent('lp', 351 self._fontproperties, --> 352 ismath=False) 353 offsety = (lp_h - lp_bl) * self._linespacing 354 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.pyc in get_text_width_height_descent(self, s, prop, ismath) 227 fontsize = prop.get_size_in_points() 228 w, h, d = texmanager.get_text_width_height_descent(s, fontsize, --> 229 renderer=self) 230 return w, h, d 231 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in get_text_width_height_descent(self, tex, fontsize, renderer) 673 else: 674 # use dviread. It sometimes returns a wrong descent. --> 675 dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize) 676 dvi = dviread.Dvi(dvifile, 72 * dpi_fraction) 677 try: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in make_dvi(self, tex, fontsize) 420 'string:\n%s\nHere is the full report generated by ' 421 'LaTeX: \n\n' % repr(tex.encode('unicode_escape')) + --> 422 report)) 423 else: 424 mpl.verbose.report(report, 'debug') RuntimeError: LaTeX was not able to process the following string: 'lp' Here is the full report generated by LaTeX:
<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x7f89b6a0eb90>